Part 1+2+3 water problem

Part1

 

What is the problem?

Well after the World War-2 was over, a forecast was made that there would break out another world war; and that time the cause would be water. It is surprising to know that although the earth is composed of three types of water, there is an acute dearth of sweet water primary for sustaining life on the planet. Water problems springs up when there is an acute shortage of potable water. Things have already taken such an ugly turn that the United Nations have declared water  problems  a global issue which every country is expected to respond to. If one digs deep into the root causes of such a problem, some unpalatable truth will be exhumed. It has, since time immemorial, kept on eating in to the natural resources to ensure its prosperity. Acts like massive deforestation are unplanned industrialization have led to the drying up of water. Indiscriminate use of strong chemicals for a long period of time has exposed ground level water to the threat of being contaminated beyond consumption. Therefore, it is quite evident that not only water resources are shrinking; it is slowly reaching a point where it would tip the scale of consumption. Therefore, if quick action to check water wastage is not undertaken, human civilization will be under serious threat.

Part2

What is the Description of Problem ?

The example of water crisis in the UAE can be cited in this regard. The inhabitants of the Emirates had taken it for granted that since water was a resource available free of cost, it could be used at one’s sweet will. Mindless consumption has now resulted in acute scarcity in ground level storage of drinking water. Situation has come to such a pass that the Government is concerned and is thinking of bringing about necessary regulations related to use of water. Since it is located at the desert, the UAE in bereft of the graces of rain water, rivers or underground water. It largely depends on desalinized sea water. Therefore, it is quite evident that resource is quite limited. Besides wastage in the households, the extent of water going waste in the farmlands is too overwhelming to comprehend.  In this context, reference can be cited of the Klang Valley Water crisis that occurred at Kuala Lampur in Malaysia. In the year 1998, the water level of three large dams' viz.  The government was forced to introduce the system of water rationing to cope with the evolved passé. In the UAE, rapid industrialization has paved the way of an unplanned utilization of resources, among which water is no exception. But, one needs to understand, desalinized water can never be the be all and end all because a considerable amount of energy goes in to the waste in the process of sanitizing saline water in to a consumable variant.

Part3

What is the solution ?

There are indeed some solutions to the problem. At the very onset, the water supply network needs to be using methods like single optimization and multiple objective optimizations. In the first method, pipe flow rate and pipe flow velocity are controlled so as to check excess water drainage. In the second method, minimizing cost at the time of treatment of saline water is looked into. However, apart from these mechanical methods, there are certain other cost effective methods as well which, when effectively applied, yield amazing results. Afforestation is one such method to retain ground water. Apart from maintaining bio-diversification, trees actively participate in water conservation through their roots. Other sources of energy should also be resorted to. Hydroelectric power very often poses a threat of unnecessary wastage of water. In that case, solar and atomic energy should be used as effective backups. In the UAE, an extensive campaign should be initiated against rampant misuse of water. The government should come up with the idea of installing water meters in households to keep tab on the consumption of water. In other words, water should be a taxable entity. Pumping wasted water into the ground after effective cleansing is another relevant option.

Reference:

"ADMC HD Common Year Writing: Problem and Solution." admc.hct.ac.ae. N.p., n.d. Web. 2 June 2013. <http://www.admc.hct.ac.ae/hd1/english/probsoln